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这次介绍一个通过驱动程序旋转屏幕的项目，地址是https://github.com/apop2/GopRotate 。项目的简介是“A EDK2 Package that supplies a UEFI driver that will bind on top of Graphics Output Devices and rotate any BLT operations by 0, 90, 180 or 270 degrees.”。

本文并不打算做原理上的分析，只是介绍如何编译和实验。

实验环境是 UDK2014
1.在 C:\EDK\Nt32Pkg\Nt32Pkg.dsc 文件的 [Components] 段中添加下面的内容

  MdeModulePkg/Application/VariableInfo/VariableInfo.inf
  MdeModulePkg/Universal/PlatformDriOverrideDxe/PlatformDriOverrideDxe.inf
##LABZDebug_Start  
  GopRotatePkg/GopRotate/GopRotate.inf
##LABZDebug_End
###################################################################################################
#
# BuildOptions Section - Define the module specific tool chain flags that should be used as
#                        the default flags for a module. These flags are appended to any 

 

2.将 GopRotatePkg 目录拷贝到你UDK 的根目录下 例如： C:\EDK\
3.使用 Build 命令编译 NT32
4.使用 build run 运行模拟器
至此，驱动程序已经编译完成。下面要编译使用这个驱动的 Application。
5.将GopRot 按照一个普通的Application编译
编译完成后可以进行实验了。
6.使用 load goprotate.efi 加载驱动

7.输入 goprot.efi 2 进行测试。
运行之前的屏幕是这样的：

运行之后屏幕就变成这样了

完整的代码下载

前面提到的驱动项目完整代码
GopRotatePkg

调用驱动的应用程序代码
GopRot

之前文章中提到过，用LoadImage和StartImage无法加载CLIB build出来的 Application。这次认真研究一下这个问题。

首先，准备实验的材料： 两个简单的小程序 Hello1 和 Hello2 。前者是 CLIB 编出来的，后者是普通的EFI 程序。此外还有一个加载器程序 exec4.efi 。

1. 单独执行编译出来的 Hello1.efi 和Hello2.efi都没问题。实验 exec4 ，加载 hello1.efi 会出错，虚拟机会重启到 Setup中，加载 hello2.efi 正常；
2. 对 Hello1 进行分析，分析的方法是加入【参考1】提到的那种按键Pause。
2.1 在Build\NT32IA32\DEBUG_MYTOOLS\IA32\AppPkg\Applications\Hello1\Hello1\Makefile文件中可以看到，入口定义：

         IMAGE_ENTRY_POINT = _ModuleEntryPoint

 

2.2 我们再根据编译过程生成的MAP文件，确定 _ModuleEntryPoint 是在 ApplicationEntryPoint.c 中。同样【参考2】可以给我们提供很多经验，相比普通的EFI程序，增加的CLib只是在整个架构中插入了多函数，并不会改变整体的架构。

/**
  Entry point to UEFI Application.

  This function is the entry point for a UEFI Application. This function must call
  ProcessLibraryConstructorList(), ProcessModuleEntryPointList(), and ProcessLibraryDestructorList().
  The return value from ProcessModuleEntryPointList() is returned.
  If _gUefiDriverRevision is not zero and SystemTable->Hdr.Revision is less than _gUefiDriverRevison,
  then return EFI_INCOMPATIBLE_VERSION.

  @param  ImageHandle                The image handle of the UEFI Application.
  @param  SystemTable                A pointer to the EFI System Table.

  @retval  EFI_SUCCESS               The UEFI Application exited normally.
  @retval  EFI_INCOMPATIBLE_VERSION  _gUefiDriverRevision is greater than SystemTable->Hdr.Revision.
  @retval  Other                     Return value from ProcessModuleEntryPointList().

**/
EFI_STATUS
EFIAPI
_ModuleEntryPoint (
  IN EFI_HANDLE        ImageHandle,
  IN EFI_SYSTEM_TABLE  *SystemTable
  )
{
  EFI_STATUS                 Status;

  if (_gUefiDriverRevision != 0) {
    //
    // Make sure that the EFI/UEFI spec revision of the platform is >= EFI/UEFI spec revision of the application.
    //
    if (SystemTable->Hdr.Revision < _gUefiDriverRevision) {
      return EFI_INCOMPATIBLE_VERSION;
    }
  }

  //
  // Call constructor for all libraries.
  //
  ProcessLibraryConstructorList (ImageHandle, SystemTable);

  //
  // Call the module's entry point
  //
  Status = ProcessModuleEntryPointList (ImageHandle, SystemTable);

  //
  // Process destructor for all libraries.
  //
  ProcessLibraryDestructorList (ImageHandle, SystemTable);

  //
  // Return the return status code from the driver entry point
  //
  return Status;
}

 

首先追到的是 ProcessLibraryConstructorList 我们在其中插入Debug信息。特别注意，插入的位置在 \Build\NT32IA32\DEBUG_MYTOOLS\IA32\AppPkg\Applications\Hello1\Hello1\DEBUG\AutoGen.c
因为这个文件是编译过程中生成的，所以我们不可以重新 Build AppPkg，而要在目录中(\Build\NT32IA32\DEBUG_MYTOOLS\IA32\AppPkg\Applications\Hello1\Hello1\) 直接运行 NMake来编译；
2.3 插入Debug信息后，NMAKE 编译通过，直接运行 Hello1.efi 一次，确保没问题，再用 exec4 加载 hello1.efi 。同样有错误，这说明问题不是发生在ProcessLibraryConstructorList 中；下面是插入后的代码式样：

VOID
EFIAPI
ProcessLibraryConstructorList (
  IN EFI_HANDLE        ImageHandle,
  IN EFI_SYSTEM_TABLE  *SystemTable
  )
{
  EFI_STATUS  Status;
  EFI_INPUT_KEY	Key;
  
  SystemTable->ConOut->OutputString(SystemTable->ConOut,L"UefiRuntimeServicesTableLibConstructor\n\r");
  Key.ScanCode=SCAN_NULL;
  while (SCAN_UP!=Key.ScanCode)
  {Status= SystemTable -> ConIn -> ReadKeyStroke(SystemTable->ConIn,&Key);}
  SystemTable->ConOut->OutputString(SystemTable->ConOut,L"Waiting for DOWN_KEY\n\r");	
  Key.ScanCode=SCAN_NULL;
  while (SCAN_DOWN!=Key.ScanCode)
  {Status= SystemTable -> ConIn -> ReadKeyStroke(SystemTable->ConIn,&Key);}
	
  Status = UefiRuntimeServicesTableLibConstructor (ImageHandle, SystemTable);
  ASSERT_EFI_ERROR (Status);

   
  SystemTable->ConOut->OutputString(SystemTable->ConOut,L"UefiBootServicesTableLibConstructor\n\r");
  Key.ScanCode=SCAN_NULL;
  while (SCAN_UP!=Key.ScanCode)
  {Status= SystemTable -> ConIn -> ReadKeyStroke(SystemTable->ConIn,&Key);}
  SystemTable->ConOut->OutputString(SystemTable->ConOut,L"Waiting for DOWN_KEY\n\r");	
  Key.ScanCode=SCAN_NULL;
  while (SCAN_DOWN!=Key.ScanCode)
  {Status= SystemTable -> ConIn -> ReadKeyStroke(SystemTable->ConIn,&Key);}

  Status = UefiBootServicesTableLibConstructor (ImageHandle, SystemTable);
  ASSERT_EFI_ERROR (Status);


  SystemTable->ConOut->OutputString(SystemTable->ConOut,L"UefiLibConstructor\n\r");
  Key.ScanCode=SCAN_NULL;
  while (SCAN_UP!=Key.ScanCode)
  {Status= SystemTable -> ConIn -> ReadKeyStroke(SystemTable->ConIn,&Key);}
  SystemTable->ConOut->OutputString(SystemTable->ConOut,L"Waiting for DOWN_KEY\n\r");	
  Key.ScanCode=SCAN_NULL;
  while (SCAN_DOWN!=Key.ScanCode)
  {Status= SystemTable -> ConIn -> ReadKeyStroke(SystemTable->ConIn,&Key);}
  
  Status = UefiLibConstructor (ImageHandle, SystemTable);
  ASSERT_EFI_ERROR (Status);
  

  SystemTable->ConOut->OutputString(SystemTable->ConOut,L"__wchar_construct\n\r");
  Key.ScanCode=SCAN_NULL;
  while (SCAN_UP!=Key.ScanCode)
  {Status= SystemTable -> ConIn -> ReadKeyStroke(SystemTable->ConIn,&Key);}
  SystemTable->ConOut->OutputString(SystemTable->ConOut,L"Waiting for DOWN_KEY\n\r");	
  Key.ScanCode=SCAN_NULL;
  while (SCAN_DOWN!=Key.ScanCode)
  {Status= SystemTable -> ConIn -> ReadKeyStroke(SystemTable->ConIn,&Key);}
  
  Status = __wchar_construct (ImageHandle, SystemTable);
  ASSERT_EFI_ERROR (Status);


  SystemTable->ConOut->OutputString(SystemTable->ConOut,L"ShellLibConstructor \n\r");
  Key.ScanCode=SCAN_NULL;
  while (SCAN_UP!=Key.ScanCode)
  {Status= SystemTable -> ConIn -> ReadKeyStroke(SystemTable->ConIn,&Key);}
  SystemTable->ConOut->OutputString(SystemTable->ConOut,L"Waiting for DOWN_KEY\n\r");	
  Key.ScanCode=SCAN_NULL;
  while (SCAN_DOWN!=Key.ScanCode)
  {Status= SystemTable -> ConIn -> ReadKeyStroke(SystemTable->ConIn,&Key);}

  Status = ShellLibConstructor (ImageHandle, SystemTable);
  ASSERT_EFI_ERROR (Status);


  SystemTable->ConOut->OutputString(SystemTable->ConOut,L"UefiHiiServicesLibConstructor  \n\r");
  Key.ScanCode=SCAN_NULL;
  while (SCAN_UP!=Key.ScanCode)
  {Status= SystemTable -> ConIn -> ReadKeyStroke(SystemTable->ConIn,&Key);}
  SystemTable->ConOut->OutputString(SystemTable->ConOut,L"Waiting for DOWN_KEY\n\r");	
  Key.ScanCode=SCAN_NULL;
  while (SCAN_DOWN!=Key.ScanCode)
  {Status= SystemTable -> ConIn -> ReadKeyStroke(SystemTable->ConIn,&Key);}
  Status = UefiHiiServicesLibConstructor (ImageHandle, SystemTable);
  ASSERT_EFI_ERROR (Status);

}

 

直接运行程序会不断暂停等待按键才继续：

2.4 接下来在ProcessModuleEntryPointList中像上面一样插入Debug，

  //
  // Call the module's entry point
  //
  Status = ProcessModuleEntryPointList (ImageHandle, SystemTable);


EFI_STATUS
EFIAPI
ProcessModuleEntryPointList (
  IN EFI_HANDLE        ImageHandle,
  IN EFI_SYSTEM_TABLE  *SystemTable
  )

{
  EFI_STATUS  Status;
  EFI_INPUT_KEY	Key;

  SystemTable->ConOut->OutputString(SystemTable->ConOut,L"ShellCEntryLib  \n\r");
  Key.ScanCode=SCAN_NULL;
  while (SCAN_UP!=Key.ScanCode)
  {Status= SystemTable -> ConIn -> ReadKeyStroke(SystemTable->ConIn,&Key);}
  SystemTable->ConOut->OutputString(SystemTable->ConOut,L"Waiting for DOWN_KEY\n\r");	
  Key.ScanCode=SCAN_NULL;
  while (SCAN_DOWN!=Key.ScanCode)
  {Status= SystemTable -> ConIn -> ReadKeyStroke(SystemTable->ConIn,&Key);}
  Status=ShellCEntryLib (ImageHandle, SystemTable);
  
  SystemTable->ConOut->OutputString(SystemTable->ConOut,L"ShellCEntryLib Exit \n\r");
  Key.ScanCode=SCAN_NULL;
  while (SCAN_UP!=Key.ScanCode)
  {Status= SystemTable -> ConIn -> ReadKeyStroke(SystemTable->ConIn,&Key);}
  SystemTable->ConOut->OutputString(SystemTable->ConOut,L"Waiting for DOWN_KEY\n\r");	
  Key.ScanCode=SCAN_NULL;
  while (SCAN_DOWN!=Key.ScanCode)
  {Status= SystemTable -> ConIn -> ReadKeyStroke(SystemTable->ConIn,&Key);}  
  return EFI_SUCCESS;
}

 

再次实验 Exec4 加载发现，现象消失了。仔细琢磨一下，应该是我最后 return EFI_SUCCESS 导致的。所以问题就应该发生在进入 ShellCEntryLib 那里。

2.5 继续调试直接在 ShellCEntryLib 加入 Debug 信息

/**
  UEFI entry point for an application that will in turn call the
  ShellAppMain function which has parameters similar to a standard C
  main function.

  An application that uses UefiShellCEntryLib must have a ShellAppMain
  function as prototyped in Include/Library/ShellCEntryLib.h.

  Note that the Shell uses POSITIVE integers for error values, while UEFI
  uses NEGATIVE values.  If the application is to be used within a script,
  it needs to return one of the SHELL_STATUS values defined in ShellBase.h.

  @param  ImageHandle  The image handle of the UEFI Application.
  @param  SystemTable  A pointer to the EFI System Table.

  @retval  EFI_SUCCESS               The application exited normally.
  @retval  Other                     An error occurred.

**/
EFI_STATUS
EFIAPI
ShellCEntryLib (
  IN EFI_HANDLE        ImageHandle,
  IN EFI_SYSTEM_TABLE  *SystemTable
  )
{
  INTN                           ReturnFromMain;
  EFI_SHELL_PARAMETERS_PROTOCOL *EfiShellParametersProtocol;
  EFI_SHELL_INTERFACE           *EfiShellInterface;
  EFI_STATUS                    Status;

  ReturnFromMain = -1;
  EfiShellParametersProtocol = NULL;
  EfiShellInterface = NULL;

  Status = SystemTable->BootServices->OpenProtocol(ImageHandle,
                             &gEfiShellParametersProtocolGuid,
                             (VOID **)&EfiShellParametersProtocol,
                             ImageHandle,
                             NULL,
                             EFI_OPEN_PROTOCOL_GET_PROTOCOL
                            );
  if (!EFI_ERROR(Status)) {
SystemTable->ConOut->OutputString(SystemTable->ConOut,L"Shell2\n\r");	 
    //
    // use shell 2.0 interface
    //
    ReturnFromMain = ShellAppMain (
                       EfiShellParametersProtocol->Argc,
                       EfiShellParametersProtocol->Argv
                      );
  } else {
  SystemTable->ConOut->OutputString(SystemTable->ConOut,L"Shell1\n\r");	  
    //
    // try to get shell 1.0 interface instead.
    //
    Status = SystemTable->BootServices->OpenProtocol(ImageHandle,
                               &gEfiShellInterfaceGuid,
                               (VOID **)&EfiShellInterface,
                               ImageHandle,
                               NULL,
                               EFI_OPEN_PROTOCOL_GET_PROTOCOL
                              );
    if (!EFI_ERROR(Status)) {
SystemTable->ConOut->OutputString(SystemTable->ConOut,L"Shell1.1\n\r");	 	
      //
      // use shell 1.0 interface
      //
      ReturnFromMain = ShellAppMain (
                         EfiShellInterface->Argc,
                         EfiShellInterface->Argv
                        );
    } else {
SystemTable->ConOut->OutputString(SystemTable->ConOut,L"Shell fail\n\r");	 	
      ASSERT(FALSE);
    }
  }
  return ReturnFromMain;
}

 

直接运行，输出如下：

用exec4加载之后输出如下：

可以看到，两种方式下，运行路径是不同的。

最后的结论：产生问题的原因是，当我们用 StartImage 运行一个 CLib程序的时候，Clib带入的函数找不到 Efi Shell Interface （要用这个Interface 的原因是希望取命令行参数传给被调用者）。找不到的时候就报错，报告一个加载不成功。

本文提到的 hello1 hello2 exec4 的源代码下载：
exec4
Hello2
Hello1

参考：

1.http://www.lab-z.com/utpk/ UEFI Tips 用按键做Pause
2.http://www.lab-z.com/22applicationentry/ Application的入口分析