测试的是串口输出上的 TX Pin,
1. 测试下面这个USB转串口公头模块(FTDI),测试Pin3
结果如下,特别注意,单位是 5V/Div, 出现了负电压
2. 再测试下面这个模块(FTDI),上面有一个拨动开关可以选择 切换5V和3.3V

2.1 先测试一下 3.3,结果如下
从上面可以看到,当我们谈论串口的时候,电压有可能是从-12v到5v。特别是当我们看到标准的串口头时,一定要多留心一下他的电压,贸然的连接很可能导致设备的悲剧。
之前我们介绍过在UEFI 下实现MD5【参考1】和SHA-1 【参考2】的方法,这次介绍一下如何计算 SHA256 。同样的, SHA256也是一种 HASH 算法。
与之前不同,这次使用的是前面提到的CryptoPkg,在正常编译完成上述 Package后,会生成一个:CryptRuntimeDxe的EFI文件,我们需要做的是先在Shell 下加载这个 Driver。
加载Driver之后,就可以使用EFI_RUNTIME_CRYPT_PROTOCOL :
///
/// Runtime Cryptographic Protocol Structure.
///
typedef struct {
EFI_RUNTIME_CRYPT_SHA256_GET_CONTEXT_SIZE Sha256GetContextSize;
EFI_RUNTIME_CRYPT_SHA256_INIT Sha256Init;
EFI_RUNTIME_CRYPT_SHA256_UPDATE Sha256Update;
EFI_RUNTIME_CRYPT_SHA256_FINAL Sha256Final;
EFI_RUNTIME_CRYPT_RSA_NEW RsaNew;
EFI_RUNTIME_CRYPT_RSA_FREE RsaFree;
EFI_RUNTIME_CRYPT_RSA_SET_KEY RsaSetKey;
EFI_RUNTIME_CRYPT_RSA_PKCS1_VERIFY RsaPkcs1Verify;
} EFI_RUNTIME_CRYPT_PROTOCOL;
在 AppPkg 中编写代码如下:
#include <Uefi.h>
#include <Library/UefiLib.h>
#include <Library/ShellCEntryLib.h>
#include <Library/MemoryAllocationLib.h>
#include <Library/BaseMemoryLib.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include "RuntimeCrypt.h"
//
// Max Known Digest Size is SHA512 Output (64 bytes) by far
//
#define MAX_DIGEST_SIZE 64
//
// Message string for digest validation
//
CHAR8 *HashData = "www.lab-z.com";
extern EFI_BOOT_SERVICES *gBS;
///
/// Runtime Cryptographic Protocol GUID.
///
EFI_GUID gEfiRuntimeCryptProtocolGuid =
{0xe1475e0c, 0x1746, 0x4802,
{ 0x86, 0x2e, 0x1, 0x1c, 0x2c, 0x2d, 0x9d, 0x86 }};
int
EFIAPI
main (
IN int Argc,
IN CHAR16 **Argv
)
{
EFI_RUNTIME_CRYPT_PROTOCOL *mCryptProtocol = NULL;
EFI_STATUS Status;
UINT8 Digest[MAX_DIGEST_SIZE];
UINTN CtxSize;
VOID *HashCtx;
UINTN DataSize;
UINTN Index;
DataSize = AsciiStrLen (HashData);
//
// Pointer to the runtime cryptographic protocol.
//
Status = gBS->LocateProtocol(
&gEfiRuntimeCryptProtocolGuid,
NULL,
(VOID **) &mCryptProtocol);
if (EFI_ERROR(Status)) {
Print(L"Can't find the runtime cryptographic protocol\n");
return Status;
}
Print (L"- SHA256: \n");
//
// SHA256 Digest Validation
//
ZeroMem (Digest, MAX_DIGEST_SIZE);
CtxSize = mCryptProtocol->Sha256GetContextSize ();
HashCtx = AllocatePool (CtxSize);
Print (L"Init... \n");
Status = mCryptProtocol->Sha256Init (HashCtx);
if (!Status) {
Print (L"[Fail]\n");
return EFI_ABORTED;
}
Print (L"Update... \n");
Status = mCryptProtocol->Sha256Update (HashCtx, HashData, DataSize);
if (!Status) {
Print (L"[Fail]\n");
return EFI_ABORTED;
}
Print (L"Finalize... \n");
Status = mCryptProtocol->Sha256Final (HashCtx, Digest);
if (!Status) {
Print (L"[Fail]\n");
return EFI_ABORTED;
}
for (Index=0;Index<SHA256_DIGEST_SIZE;Index++) {
Print (L"%2X ",Digest[Index]);
}
Print (L"\n");
FreePool (HashCtx);
return EFI_SUCCESS;
}
上面的程序中,我们计算的是 “www.lab-z.com”的SHA256值,结果如下:
我们可以使用【参考3】提供的在线工具进行计算,结果如下:
可以看到,这个Protocol工作正常,能够准确的计算出 SHA256的值。
本文提到的完整的代码下载:
SHA256
参考:
1. 计算MD5 http://www.lab-z.com/uefimd5/
2. SHA-1的实现http://www.lab-z.com/sha1/
3. Hash在线计算、md5计算、sha1计算、sha256计算、sha512计算 https://1024tools.com/hash
最近在研究 Loenrado 的USB,在\arduino-1.8.4\hardware\arduino\avr\cores\arduino\CDC.cpp 中发现有趣的代码:
// We check DTR state to determine if host port is open (bit 0 of lineState).
if (1200 == _usbLineInfo.dwDTERate && (_usbLineInfo.lineState & 0x01) == 0)
{
#if MAGIC_KEY_POS != (RAMEND-1)
// Backup ram value if its not a newer bootloader.
// This should avoid memory corruption at least a bit, not fully
if (magic_key_pos != (RAMEND-1)) {
*(uint16_t *)(RAMEND-1) = *(uint16_t *)magic_key_pos;
}
#endif
// Store boot key
*(uint16_t *)magic_key_pos = MAGIC_KEY;
wdt_enable(WDTO_120MS);
}
这段代码是用来实现 Leonrado 刷新的:通过设置当前USB 传输速度为 1200,然后让板子重启进入Bootloader响应刷写指令而无需使用板载的 Reset按钮(未来会做更具体的分析)。
_usbLineInfo.dwDTERate 这里就是当前设定的USB 通讯速度,因此我们在这里添加代码根据当前速度设定LED On Off。加入的代码段如下:
#if MAGIC_KEY_POS != (RAMEND-1)
// For future boards save the key in the inproblematic RAMEND
// Which is reserved for the main() return value (which will never return)
if (_updatedLUFAbootloader) {
// horray, we got a new bootloader!
magic_key_pos = (RAMEND-1);
}
#endif
//LABZ_DEBUG_START
if (300 == _usbLineInfo.dwDTERate && (_usbLineInfo.lineState & 0x01) == 0)
{
digitalWrite(2,HIGH);
digitalWrite(3,LOW);
digitalWrite(4,LOW);
digitalWrite(5,LOW);
digitalWrite(6,LOW);
digitalWrite(7,LOW);
}
if (1200 == _usbLineInfo.dwDTERate && (_usbLineInfo.lineState & 0x01) == 0)
{
digitalWrite(2,LOW);
digitalWrite(3,HIGH);
digitalWrite(4,LOW);
digitalWrite(5,LOW);
digitalWrite(6,LOW);
digitalWrite(7,LOW);
}
if (2400 == _usbLineInfo.dwDTERate && (_usbLineInfo.lineState & 0x01) == 0)
{
digitalWrite(2,LOW);
digitalWrite(3,LOW);
digitalWrite(4,HIGH);
digitalWrite(5,LOW);
digitalWrite(6,LOW);
digitalWrite(7,LOW);
}
if (4800 == _usbLineInfo.dwDTERate && (_usbLineInfo.lineState & 0x01) == 0)
{
digitalWrite(2,LOW);
digitalWrite(3,LOW);
digitalWrite(4,LOW);
digitalWrite(5,HIGH);
digitalWrite(6,LOW);
digitalWrite(7,LOW);
}
if (9600 == _usbLineInfo.dwDTERate && (_usbLineInfo.lineState & 0x01) == 0)
{
digitalWrite(2,LOW);
digitalWrite(3,LOW);
digitalWrite(4,LOW);
digitalWrite(5,LOW);
digitalWrite(6,HIGH);
digitalWrite(7,LOW);
}
if (19200 == _usbLineInfo.dwDTERate && (_usbLineInfo.lineState & 0x01) == 0)
{
digitalWrite(2,LOW);
digitalWrite(3,LOW);
digitalWrite(4,LOW);
digitalWrite(5,LOW);
digitalWrite(6,LOW);
digitalWrite(7,HIGH);
}
//LABZ_DEBUG_ENd
// We check DTR state to determine if host port is open (bit 0 of lineState).
if (1200 == _usbLineInfo.dwDTERate && (_usbLineInfo.lineState & 0x01) == 0)
{
#if MAGIC_KEY_POS != (RAMEND-1)
// Backup ram value if its not a newer bootloader.
// This should avoid memory corruption at least a bit, not fully
if (magic_key_pos != (RAMEND-1)) {
*(uint16_t *)(RAMEND-1) = *(uint16_t *)magic_key_pos;
}
#endif
// Store boot key
*(uint16_t *)magic_key_pos = MAGIC_KEY;
wdt_enable(WDTO_120MS);
}
这样,当设定不同速度时, D2-D7 上的LED会分别亮起来。
编写一个简单的 Arduino代码
void setup() {
// put your setup code here, to run once:
pinMode(2,OUTPUT);
pinMode(3,OUTPUT);
pinMode(4,OUTPUT);
pinMode(5,OUTPUT);
pinMode(6,OUTPUT);
pinMode(7,OUTPUT);
digitalWrite(2,LOW);
digitalWrite(3,LOW);
digitalWrite(4,LOW);
digitalWrite(5,LOW);
digitalWrite(6,LOW);
digitalWrite(7,LOW);
}
void loop() {
// put your main code here, to run repeatedly:
}
比如当前的IDE 的 Serial Monitor 设定为 4800, D5上面的LED会亮
最近发现一个能够在 Windows下读取 SMBIOS 的代码,有需要的朋友可以参考一下。
我在 UEFI 版本的 Windows 10 X64 下测试成功,编译器为 VS2015。
具体原理是使用: GetSystemFirmwareTable 来获得系统的SMBIOS信息。其中还有SMBIOS结构体的解析代码。有需要的朋友可以参考一下。
具体代码来自:https://github.com/KunYi/DumpSMBIOS
这里可以下载源程序
此外,还放了一个我编译的 X64 Release EXE版本,有需要的朋友可以试试,
最后,特别感谢作者KunYi Chen。
最近我在查看一款鼠标的 HID 描述符时,遇到一个定义 AC Pan 搞不清楚意思:
直接看 USB HID协议上面解释也比较简单,看不懂
鼠标是最普通的款式,上面有三个按键,左右已经滚轮下面的一个按键,此外就只有滚轮了。当然我也没有找到发出 AC Pan 的方法。
想来想去可以使用 Leonardo 来进行验证,把这个值发出来看看系统有什么变化,也能了解功能。
为此,特地修改 Arduino 鼠标的描述符,在 \libraries\Mouse\src\Mouse.cpp 中加入 AC Pan。
static const uint8_t _hidReportDescriptor[] PROGMEM = {
// Mouse
0x05, 0x01, // USAGE_PAGE (Generic Desktop) // 54
0x09, 0x02, // USAGE (Mouse)
0xa1, 0x01, // COLLECTION (Application)
0x09, 0x01, // USAGE (Pointer)
0xa1, 0x00, // COLLECTION (Physical)
0x85, 0x01, // REPORT_ID (1)
0x05, 0x09, // USAGE_PAGE (Button)
0x19, 0x01, // USAGE_MINIMUM (Button 1)
0x29, 0x03, // USAGE_MAXIMUM (Button 3)
0x15, 0x00, // LOGICAL_MINIMUM (0)
0x25, 0x01, // LOGICAL_MAXIMUM (1)
0x95, 0x03, // REPORT_COUNT (3)
0x75, 0x01, // REPORT_SIZE (1)
0x81, 0x02, // INPUT (Data,Var,Abs)
0x95, 0x01, // REPORT_COUNT (1)
0x75, 0x05, // REPORT_SIZE (5)
0x81, 0x03, // INPUT (Cnst,Var,Abs)
0x05, 0x01, // USAGE_PAGE (Generic Desktop)
0x09, 0x30, // USAGE (X)
0x09, 0x31, // USAGE (Y)
0x09, 0x38, // USAGE (Wheel)
0x15, 0x81, // LOGICAL_MINIMUM (-127)
0x25, 0x7f, // LOGICAL_MAXIMUM (127)
0x75, 0x08, // REPORT_SIZE (8)
0x95, 0x03, // REPORT_COUNT (3)
0x81, 0x06, // INPUT (Data,Var,Rel)
//LABZ_DEBUG_Start
0x05, 0x0c, // USAGE_PAGE (Consumer Devices)
0x0a, 0x38, 0x02, // USAGE (AC Pan)
0x15, 0x81, // LOGICAL_MINIMUM (-127)
0x25, 0x7f, // LOGICAL_MAXIMUM (127)
0x75, 0x08, // REPORT_SIZE (8)
0x95, 0x01, // REPORT_COUNT (1)
0x81, 0x06, // INPUT (Data,Var,Rel)
//LABZ_DEBUG_End
0xc0, // END_COLLECTION
0xc0, // END_COLLECTION
};
当然,做了上面的修改之后,每次发出的消息不再是4个Bytes(Button,X,Y,Wheel),而多了一个。相应的下面的函数也要进行修改,多发出一个 Pan值。
void Mouse_::move(signed char x, signed char y, signed char wheel,signed char pan)
{
uint8_t m[5];
m[0] = _buttons;
m[1] = x;
m[2] = y;
m[3] = wheel;
m[4] = pan;
HID().SendReport(1,m,5);
}
修改好库之后,再编写一个测试代码,使用 Pin 7 8 拉低来发出 Pan -1 和 +1
#include <Mouse.h>
// set pin numbers for the five buttons:
const int upButton = 2;
const int downButton = 3;
const int leftButton = 4;
const int rightButton = 5;
const int mouseButton = 6;
const int pan1 = 7;
const int pan2 = 8;
int range = 5; // output range of X or Y movement; affects movement speed
int responseDelay = 10; // response delay of the mouse, in ms
void setup() {
// initialize the buttons' inputs:
pinMode(upButton, INPUT_PULLUP);
pinMode(downButton, INPUT_PULLUP);
pinMode(leftButton, INPUT_PULLUP);
pinMode(rightButton, INPUT_PULLUP);
pinMode(mouseButton, INPUT_PULLUP);
pinMode(pan1, INPUT_PULLUP);
pinMode(pan2, INPUT_PULLUP);
// initialize mouse control:
Mouse.begin();
}
void loop() {
// read the buttons:
int upState = digitalRead(upButton);
int downState = digitalRead(downButton);
int rightState = digitalRead(rightButton);
int leftState = digitalRead(leftButton);
int clickState = digitalRead(mouseButton);
// calculate the movement distance based on the button states:
int xDistance = (leftState - rightState) * range;
int yDistance = (upState - downState) * range;
// if X or Y is non-zero, move:
if ((xDistance != 0) || (yDistance != 0)) {
Mouse.move(xDistance, yDistance, 0,0);
}
if(digitalRead(pan1)==LOW) {
Mouse.move(xDistance, yDistance, 0,1);
Mouse.move(0, 0, 0,0);
}
if(digitalRead(pan2)==LOW) {
Mouse.move(xDistance, yDistance, 0,-1);
Mouse.move(0, 0, 0,0);
}
// if the mouse button is pressed:
if (clickState == HIGH) {
// if the mouse is not pressed, press it:
if (!Mouse.isPressed(MOUSE_LEFT)) {
Mouse.press(MOUSE_LEFT);
}
}
// else the mouse button is not pressed:
else {
// if the mouse is pressed, release it:
if (Mouse.isPressed(MOUSE_LEFT)) {
Mouse.release(MOUSE_LEFT);
}
}
// a delay so the mouse doesn't move too fast:
delay(responseDelay);
}
最终的实验表明, AC Pan 是类似水平方向的滚轮,在使用 Excel 这样的软件经常需要水平方向的滚动用这个功能会很方便。
修改后的完整库下载:
UDK2017 提供了一个加密解密库,在\UDK2017\CryptoPkg下面,本文介绍如何配置让这个 Package 能够使用。
具体配置方法可以在\UDK2017\CryptoPkg\Library\OpensslLib\OpenSSL-HOWTO.txt文件中看到,简单的说就是要去https://www.openssl.org/source/ 下载一套 OpenSll 的Source Code,加在目录中。虽然稳重说明要最新的版本,但是根据我的实验最新版本编译不过(有文件找不到,应该是不同的版本之间架构存在比较大的差别导致的)。经过实验,https://www.openssl.org/source/snapshot/ 下面的openssl-1.1.0-stable-SNAP-20180129.tar.gz 是可以使用的。
安装方法是:解压下载的文件,然后将全部内容解压到UDK2017\CryptoPkg\Library\OpensslLib 目录下的 Openssl 目录中:
之后就可以按照正常编译 Package的方法进行编译
build -a X64 -p CryptoPkg\CryptoPkg.dsc
在这个Package中自带了一个测试的 Application,这是一个简单的自检程序,编译之后可以在Nt32环境下运行,结果如下:
运行这个 Application 能够表明 CryptPkg 工作正常,对于实现 UEFI 下面加密解密有兴趣的朋友可以更深入的进行研究。
最近又开始玩 USB Host 模块,尝试 FTDI 的 USB 转串口。在实验之前,你需要确定手上的是 FTDI 的芯片,在设备管理器中可以简单的判断:
在 USB Host 库中,给出了一个 FTDI 的例子,这个例子实现的是 LoopBack 的功能:
#include <cdcftdi.h>
#include <usbhub.h>
#include "pgmstrings.h"
// Satisfy the IDE, which needs to see the include statment in the ino too.
#ifdef dobogusinclude
#include <spi4teensy3.h>
#include <SPI.h>
#endif
class FTDIAsync : public FTDIAsyncOper
{
public:
uint8_t OnInit(FTDI *pftdi);
};
uint8_t FTDIAsync::OnInit(FTDI *pftdi)
{
uint8_t rcode = 0;
rcode = pftdi->SetBaudRate(115200);
if (rcode)
{
ErrorMessage<uint8_t>(PSTR("SetBaudRate"), rcode);
return rcode;
}
rcode = pftdi->SetFlowControl(FTDI_SIO_DISABLE_FLOW_CTRL);
if (rcode)
ErrorMessage<uint8_t>(PSTR("SetFlowControl"), rcode);
return rcode;
}
USB Usb;
//USBHub Hub(&Usb);
FTDIAsync FtdiAsync;
FTDI Ftdi(&Usb, &FtdiAsync);
uint32_t next_time;
void setup()
{
Serial.begin( 115200 );
#if !defined(__MIPSEL__)
while (!Serial); // Wait for serial port to connect - used on Leonardo, Teensy and other boards with built-in USB CDC serial connection
#endif
Serial.println("Start");
if (Usb.Init() == -1)
Serial.println("OSC did not start.");
delay( 200 );
next_time = millis() + 5000;
}
void loop()
{
Usb.Task();
if( Usb.getUsbTaskState() == USB_STATE_RUNNING )
{
uint8_t rcode;
char strbuf[] = "DEADBEEF";
//char strbuf[] = "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog";
//char strbuf[] = "This string contains 61 character to demonstrate FTDI buffers"; //add one symbol to it to see some garbage
Serial.print(".");
rcode = Ftdi.SndData(strlen(strbuf), (uint8_t*)strbuf);
if (rcode)
ErrorMessage<uint8_t>(PSTR("SndData"), rcode);
delay(50);
uint8_t buf[64];
for (uint8_t i=0; i<64; i++)
buf[i] = 0;
uint16_t rcvd = 64;
rcode = Ftdi.RcvData(&rcvd, buf);
if (rcode && rcode != hrNAK)
ErrorMessage<uint8_t>(PSTR("Ret"), rcode);
// The device reserves the first two bytes of data
// to contain the current values of the modem and line status registers.
if (rcvd > 2)
Serial.print((char*)(buf+2));
delay(10);
}
}
使用的时候,需要将模块的 RX 和 TX 接到一起:
运行结果:
接下来试试实现接收,将2个USB 串口接在一起,RX/TX交叉,GND也要接在一起
最好先在 PC 上确定连接正确能够正常收发:
接收的代码如下:
#include <cdcftdi.h>
#include <usbhub.h>
#include "pgmstrings.h"
// Satisfy the IDE, which needs to see the include statment in the ino too.
#ifdef dobogusinclude
#include <spi4teensy3.h>
#include <SPI.h>
#endif
class FTDIAsync : public FTDIAsyncOper
{
public:
uint8_t OnInit(FTDI *pftdi);
};
uint8_t FTDIAsync::OnInit(FTDI *pftdi)
{
uint8_t rcode = 0;
rcode = pftdi->SetBaudRate(115200);
if (rcode)
{
ErrorMessage<uint8_t>(PSTR("SetBaudRate"), rcode);
return rcode;
}
rcode = pftdi->SetFlowControl(FTDI_SIO_DISABLE_FLOW_CTRL);
if (rcode)
ErrorMessage<uint8_t>(PSTR("SetFlowControl"), rcode);
return rcode;
}
USB Usb;
//USBHub Hub(&Usb);
FTDIAsync FtdiAsync;
FTDI Ftdi(&Usb, &FtdiAsync);
uint32_t next_time;
void setup()
{
Serial.begin( 115200 );
#if !defined(__MIPSEL__)
while (!Serial); // Wait for serial port to connect - used on Leonardo, Teensy and other boards with built-in USB CDC serial connection
#endif
Serial.println("Start");
if (Usb.Init() == -1)
Serial.println("OSC did not start.");
delay( 200 );
next_time = millis() + 5000;
}
void loop()
{
Usb.Task();
if( Usb.getUsbTaskState() == USB_STATE_RUNNING )
{
uint8_t rcode;
uint8_t buf[64];
for (uint8_t i=0; i<64; i++)
buf[i] = 0;
uint16_t rcvd = 64;
rcode = Ftdi.RcvData(&rcvd, buf);
if (rcode && rcode != hrNAK)
ErrorMessage<uint8_t>(PSTR("Ret"), rcode);
if (rcvd>2) {
for (int Index=0;Index<rcvd;Index++) {
Serial.print(buf[Index],HEX);
Serial.print(" ");
}
}
}
}
最后,从PC端可以发送,在 Arduino 端可以正常解析出来
之前介绍了 Shell 下 BootOrder 的一些事情,这次介绍一下 Windows中如何取得和更改这个设定。Windows中相关API是SetFirmwareEnvironmentVariable 和GetFirmwareEnvironmentVariable (还有~Ex版)【参考1】【参考2】。需要注意,只有在 UEFI Based 系统上才可以使用上述API。
上面两个 API 的原型:
DWORD WINAPI GetFirmwareEnvironmentVariable( //取得Variable
_In_ LPCTSTR lpName, //变量名称
_In_ LPCTSTR lpGuid, //变量 GUID
_Out_ PVOID pBuffer, //读取结果放在pBuffer指向的内存中
_In_ DWORD nSize //给出pBuffer内存大小
);
返回值如果为0 ,表示失败,可以用GetLastError获取原因;如果返回值不为0,则是成功,该值应该是成功写入的字节数。
BOOL WINAPI SetFirmwareEnvironmentVariable( //设置 Variable
_In_ LPCTSTR lpName, //变量名称
_In_ LPCTSTR lpGuid, //变量 GUID
_In_ PVOID pBuffer, //要设置的内容放在pBuffer指向的内存中
_In_ DWORD nSize //给出pBuffer 指向内存的大小
);
返回值如果为0 ,表示失败,可以用GetLastError获取原因;如果返回值不为0,则是成功,该值应该是成功写入的字节数。
从上面的原型可以看出来,并没有给出Variable 大小的方法。实验如果给一个很小的Buffer会收到 7A 错误。因此在调用之前最好开一个足够大的空间以便使用(相比Windows可以分配的内存,Variable 小的可怜)。还有特别需要注意的地方是:使用这个 API 除了使用 管理员权限运行,还需要提升权限才可以。具体的代码来自【参考3】。
下面的代码首先用GetFirmwareEnvironmentVariable取得BootOrder的Variable,然后修改顺序,再使用SetFirmwareEnvironmentVariable把修改后的Variable写入,最后再读取显示一次:
// getfwenv.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application.
//
#include "stdafx.h"
#include "windows.h"
#define VariableGuidStr "{8BE4DF61-93CA-11D2-AA0D-00E098032B8C}"
#define BootOrderStr "BootOrder"
DWORD dwRet = 0;
BOOL adjusttoken()
{
HANDLE htoken;
if (OpenProcessToken(GetCurrentProcess(), TOKEN_ADJUST_PRIVILEGES, &htoken))
{
size_t s = sizeof(TOKEN_PRIVILEGES) + 2 * sizeof(LUID_AND_ATTRIBUTES);
TOKEN_PRIVILEGES *p = (PTOKEN_PRIVILEGES)malloc(s);
if (!LookupPrivilegeValue(NULL, SE_SYSTEM_ENVIRONMENT_NAME, &(p->Privileges[0].Luid)) ||
!LookupPrivilegeValue(NULL, SE_BACKUP_NAME, &(p->Privileges[1].Luid)) ||
!LookupPrivilegeValue(NULL, SE_RESTORE_NAME, &(p->Privileges[2].Luid)))
{
printf("failed to LookupPrivilegeValue error code : %d \r\n", GetLastError());
free(p);
return FALSE;
}
p->PrivilegeCount = 3;
for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i)
{
p->Privileges[i].Attributes = SE_PRIVILEGE_ENABLED;
}
if (!AdjustTokenPrivileges(htoken, FALSE, p, (DWORD) s, NULL, NULL) || GetLastError() != ERROR_SUCCESS)
{
printf("AdjustTokenPrivileges failed! error code : %d \r\n", GetLastError());
free(p);
return FALSE;
}
//do something here...
free(p);
}
else
{
printf("Open process token failed! error code : %d \r\n", GetLastError());
return FALSE;
}
return TRUE;
}
int main()
{
byte Buffer[2000];
byte *pBuffer;
DWORD iBufferSize=sizeof(Buffer);
DWORD dwRet;
adjusttoken();
pBuffer = Buffer;
//Get BootOrder
dwRet = GetFirmwareEnvironmentVariable(
_T(BootOrderStr),
_T(VariableGuidStr),
pBuffer,
iBufferSize);
printf("GetFirmwareEnvironmentVariable return value:%x\n", dwRet);
for (DWORD i = 0; i < dwRet;i++)
printf("%X ",pBuffer[i]);
printf("\n");
//Set boot from shell
pBuffer[0] = 0; pBuffer[2] = 4;
//Set new Bootorder
dwRet = SetFirmwareEnvironmentVariable(
_T(BootOrderStr),
_T(VariableGuidStr),
pBuffer,
dwRet);
printf("SetFirmwareEnvironmentVariable return value:%x\n", dwRet);
//Check Bootorder again
dwRet = GetFirmwareEnvironmentVariable(
_T(BootOrderStr),
_T(VariableGuidStr),
pBuffer,
iBufferSize);
printf("GetFirmwareEnvironmentVariable again, return value:%x\n", dwRet);
for (DWORD i = 0; i < dwRet; i++)
printf("%X ", pBuffer[i]);
getchar();
return 0;
}
最终运行结果:
在我的KBL-R HDK上重启之后就会直接进入 Shell (原因可以在前一篇看到)
编译好的X64 Application和Sourcecode
getfwenv
从实验上来看,所有的变量都是可以读取到,但是不知道为什么很多变量在 Windows下无法写(写保护错误)。如果能够做到写入,那么就可以自动的改变Setup的设定。另外,我无法判断这个写保护错误是Windows本身造成的还是BIOS造成的。如果未来有机会会继续研究下去,有兴趣的朋友也可以在下面给我留言说出你的想法。
参考:
1. https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms724934(v=vs.85).aspx
2. https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms724325(v=vs.85).aspx
如果想让 Arduino 和 UEFI 进行交互,可以使用USB串口驱动,比如:【参考1】提供了一个FTDI的UEFI驱动,如果想用在 Arduino 上需要一些修改。此外,可行的方案就是通过USB HID 直接和 Arduino Leonardo进行通讯(Arduino Uno 也是可以的,但是需要修改 16U2的Firmware,比较麻烦和折腾)。本文就介绍一下具体的实现。
首先说一下硬件部分,在一个 Proto Shied上连接了一个串口转USB的小卡,将 TX/RX/GND 三根对应的接在一起就能正常工作了。
软件方面,Arduino代码如下使用了NicoHood 的 HID库。代码就是不断检查 HID是否收到消息,如果有,那么就从Serial1 发送出去。
/*
Copyright (c) 2014-2015 NicoHood
See the readme for credit to other people.
Advanced RawHID example
Shows how to send bytes via RawHID.
Press a button to send some example values.
Every received data is mirrored to the host via Serial.
See HID Project documentation for more information.
https://github.com/NicoHood/HID/wiki/RawHID-API
*/
#include "HID-Project.h"
// Buffer to hold RawHID data.
// If host tries to send more data than this,
// it will respond with an error.
// If the data is not read until the host sends the next data
// it will also respond with an error and the data will be lost.
uint8_t rawhidData[64];
void setup() {
Serial1.begin(115200);
// Set the RawHID OUT report array.
// Feature reports are also (parallel) possible, see the other example for this.
RawHID.begin(rawhidData, sizeof(rawhidData));
}
void loop() {
// Check if there is new data from the RawHID device
auto bytesAvailable = RawHID.available();
int c;
if (bytesAvailable)
{
// Mirror data via Serial
while (bytesAvailable--) {
c=(RawHID.read()&0xFF);
if (c / 16 ==0) {Serial1.print("0");}
Serial1.print(c,HEX);
Serial1.print(" ");
}
}
}
UEFI Shell Application的原理就是使用 USBIO枚举系统中的全部USB 设备,找到VID/PID是Arduino Leonardo 的设备,再检测InterfaceClass是否为03 (HID),如果是那么就打开,用UsbSetReportRequest 发送一段随机数过去。完整代码如下:
#include <Uefi.h>
#include <Library/UefiLib.h>
#include <Library/ShellCEntryLib.h>
#include <Library/MemoryAllocationLib.h>
#include <Library/BaseMemoryLib.h>
#include <Protocol/UsbIo.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
extern EFI_BOOT_SERVICES *gBS;
EFI_GUID gEfiUsbIoProtocolGuid =
{ 0x2B2F68D6, 0x0CD2, 0x44CF, { 0x8E, 0x8B, 0xBB, 0xA2, 0x0B, 0x1B, 0x5B, 0x75 }};
//C:\UDK2015\MdePkg\Library\UefiUsbLib\Hid.c
/**
Set the report descriptor of the specified USB HID interface.
Submit a USB set HID report request for the USB device specified by UsbIo,
Interface, ReportId, and ReportType, and set the report descriptor using the
buffer specified by ReportLength and Report.
If UsbIo is NULL, then ASSERT().
If Report is NULL, then ASSERT().
@param UsbIo A pointer to the USB I/O Protocol instance for the specific USB target.
@param Interface The index of the report interface on the USB target.
@param ReportId The identifier of the report to retrieve.
@param ReportType The type of report to retrieve.
@param ReportLength The size, in bytes, of Report.
@param Report A pointer to the report descriptor buffer to set.
@retval EFI_SUCCESS The request executed successfully.
@retval EFI_TIMEOUT A timeout occurred executing the request.
@retval EFI_DEVICE_ERROR The request failed due to a device error.
**/
EFI_STATUS
EFIAPI
UsbSetReportRequest (
IN EFI_USB_IO_PROTOCOL *UsbIo,
IN UINT8 Interface,
IN UINT8 ReportId,
IN UINT8 ReportType,
IN UINT16 ReportLen,
IN UINT8 *Report
)
{
UINT32 Status;
EFI_STATUS Result;
EFI_USB_DEVICE_REQUEST Request;
//
// Fill Device request packet
//
Request.RequestType = USB_HID_CLASS_SET_REQ_TYPE;
Request.Request = EFI_USB_SET_REPORT_REQUEST;
Request.Value = (UINT16) ((ReportType << 8) | ReportId);
Request.Index = Interface;
Request.Length = ReportLen;
Result = UsbIo->UsbControlTransfer (
UsbIo,
&Request,
EfiUsbDataOut,
3000, //PcdGet32 (PcdUsbTransferTimeoutValue),
Report,
ReportLen,
&Status
);
return Result;
}
UINTN GetUSB()
{
EFI_STATUS Status;
UINTN HandleIndex, HandleCount;
EFI_HANDLE *DevicePathHandleBuffer = NULL;
EFI_USB_IO_PROTOCOL *USBIO;
EFI_USB_DEVICE_DESCRIPTOR DeviceDescriptor;
EFI_USB_INTERFACE_DESCRIPTOR IfDesc;
UINT8 arr[64];
UINT8 i;
//Get all the Handles that have UsbIO Protocol
Status = gBS->LocateHandleBuffer(
ByProtocol,
&gEfiUsbIoProtocolGuid,
NULL,
&HandleCount,
&DevicePathHandleBuffer);
if (EFI_ERROR(Status))
{
Print(L"ERROR : Get USBIO count fail.\n");
return 0;
}
for (HandleIndex = 0; HandleIndex < HandleCount; HandleIndex++)
{
Status = gBS->HandleProtocol(
DevicePathHandleBuffer[HandleIndex],
&gEfiUsbIoProtocolGuid,
(VOID**)&USBIO);
if (EFI_ERROR(Status))
{
Print(L"ERROR : Open USBIO fail.\n");
gBS->FreePool(DevicePathHandleBuffer);
return 0;
}
//Get USB Device Descriptor
Status = USBIO->UsbGetDeviceDescriptor(USBIO, &DeviceDescriptor);
if (EFI_ERROR(Status))
{
Print(L"ERROR : Usb Get Device Descriptor fail.\n");
gBS->FreePool(DevicePathHandleBuffer);
return EFI_SUCCESS;
}
//Find the device which VID and PID is Arduino Leonrado
if ((0x2341==DeviceDescriptor.IdVendor) && (0x8036==DeviceDescriptor.IdProduct))
{
//Show the PID and VID
Print(L"Found a Leonrado Device VendorID = %04X, ProductID = %04X\n",
DeviceDescriptor.IdVendor,
DeviceDescriptor.IdProduct);
//
// Get Interface Descriptor
//
Status = USBIO->UsbGetInterfaceDescriptor (USBIO, &IfDesc);
if (EFI_ERROR (Status))
{
Print(L"ERROR : Usb Get Interface Descriptor fail.\n");
return EFI_SUCCESS;
}
//Check the Interface Class for HID
if (0x03 == IfDesc.InterfaceClass)
{
Print(L"Found HID device, send the data!\n");
for (i=0;i<64;i++) {
arr[i]=(UINT8) rand();
Print(L"%2X ",arr[i]);
}
Print(L"\n");
Status=UsbSetReportRequest (
USBIO,
IfDesc.InterfaceNumber,
0, //Report ID
HID_OUTPUT_REPORT,
sizeof(arr),
arr);
if (EFI_ERROR (Status))
{
Print(L"Error=[%r]\n",Status);
return EFI_SUCCESS;
}
}
}
}
gBS->FreePool(DevicePathHandleBuffer);
return HandleCount;
}
int
EFIAPI
main (
IN int Argc,
IN CHAR16 **Argv
)
{
GetUSB();
return EFI_SUCCESS;
}
运行结果,Shell 下显示:
PC端串口接收到的数据如下:
完整的代码和 X64 EFI 文件下载:
参考:
AP3216C 模块的核心就是这个芯片本身。这颗芯片集成了光强传感器(ALS:Ambient Light Sensor),接近传感器(PS: Proximity Sensor),还有一个红外LED(IR LED)。这个芯片设计的用途是给手机之类的使用,比如:返回当前环境光强以便调整屏幕亮度;用户接听电话时,将手机放置在耳边后,自动关闭屏幕避免用户误触碰。
可能是因为模块接线非常简单,我在网上找不到模块的电路图,只能用芯片的DataSheet对照进行查看。
从上到下分别是 :
VLED IR LED的供电,IR LED 电流最高为 20ma。使用 3.3v给模块和IR LED 同时供电时,在IR LED 上串联了一个200欧姆的电阻,这样保证电流不会超过20ma。
GND 地
VCC 模块供电,特别注意:最高 3.6V,对于 Arduino 来说,只能选择 3.3V供电输出
SCL I2C 的 CLOCK,对应 A5
SDA I2C 的 DATA,对应 A4
INT 中断输出,可以通知 Arduino有数据。对于轮询,无需使用。
参考【参考1】, 可以使用的代码如下:
// Interfacing the AP3216 light / proximity sensor with Arduino UNO
// By RoboRemo
// www.roboremo.com
// Big thanks to ICStation for providing the AP3216 sensor
// http://www.icstation.com/ap3216-ambient-light-sensorals-proximity-sensorps-p-7958.html
// Command examples:
// "write 0x00 0x01\n" - will write value 0x01 to the register 0x00
// "read 0x0C\n" - will read the value from register 0x0C
// "als start\n" - will start streaming the value from the ALS (ambient light sensor)
// "ps start\n" - will start streaming the value from the PS (proximity sensor)
// "stop\n" - will stop streaming the ALS / PS data.
// Commands can be sent using Serial Monitor / Terminal,
// Or using the RoboRemo app from Google Play.
// RoboRemo app can also display a nice plot of the ALS / PS data,
// and also log to a file on the sdcard of the phone.
// Hardware wiring:
// Arduino AP3216
// VLED --,
// GND ------- GND |R| 240 Ohm
// 3.3V ------ VCC ---'
// A5 -------- SCL
// A4 -------- SDA
long baud = 115200;
#include <Wire.h>
char cmd[100];
int cmdIndex;
bool als_on = false;
bool ps_on = false;
boolean cmdStartsWith(const char *st) { // checks if cmd starts with st
for(int i=0; ; i++) {
if(st[i]==0) return true;
if(cmd[i]==0) return false;
if(cmd[i]!=st[i]) return false;;
}
return false;
}
int hexCharToInt(char c) {
if(c>='a') return (c-'a')+10;
if(c>='A') return (c-'A')+10;
return c-'0';
}
String hexByteToString(int val) {
char digits[] = {'0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8','9', 'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F'};
char a = digits[(val/16) %16];
char b = digits[val%16];
return (String) "" + a + b;
}
void alsStart() {
AP3216_write(0x00, 0x01);
als_on = true;
}
void alsPsStop() {
als_on = false;
ps_on = false;
AP3216_write(0x00, 0x00);
}
void psStart() {
AP3216_write(0x00, 0x02);
ps_on = true;
}
void AP3216_write(int regAddress, int value) {
Wire.beginTransmission(0x1E); // I2C Address of AP3216 sensor is 0x1E
Wire.write(regAddress);
Wire.write(value);
Wire.endTransmission();
}
int AP3216_read(int regAddress) {
Wire.beginTransmission(0x1E); // I2C Address of AP3216 sensor is 0x1E
Wire.write(regAddress);
Wire.endTransmission();
Wire.requestFrom(0x1E, 1, true);
return Wire.read() & 0xFF;
}
void exeCmd() {
if( cmdStartsWith("read 0x") ) { // example: read 0x1A
int a = hexCharToInt(cmd[7]); // '1' -> 1
int b = hexCharToInt(cmd[8]); // 'A' -> 10
int regAddress = (a*16)+b; // 0x1A = 26
int regValue = AP3216_read(regAddress);
Serial.print( (String)"reg_0x");
Serial.print( hexByteToString(regAddress) );
Serial.print(" = ");
Serial.print( hexByteToString(regValue) );
Serial.print("\n");
}
if( cmdStartsWith("write 0x") ) { // example: write 0x1A 0x55
int a = hexCharToInt(cmd[8]); // '1' -> 1
int b = hexCharToInt(cmd[9]); // 'A' -> 10
int regAddress = (a*16)+b; // 0x1A = 26
a = hexCharToInt(cmd[13]);
b = hexCharToInt(cmd[14]);
int regValue = (a*16)+b;
AP3216_write(regAddress, regValue);
Serial.print( (String)"reg_0x");
Serial.print( hexByteToString(regAddress) );
Serial.print(" <- ");
Serial.print( hexByteToString(regValue) );
Serial.print("\n");
}
if( cmdStartsWith("als start") ) {
alsStart();
}
if( cmdStartsWith("stop") ) {
alsPsStop();
}
if( cmdStartsWith("ps start") ) {
psStart();
}
}
void setup() {
Wire.begin();
Serial.begin(baud);
cmdIndex = 0;
}
void loop() {
while( Serial.available() ) {
char c = Serial.read();
if(c=='\n' || c=='\r') {
cmd[cmdIndex] = 0; // end cmd string with 0
exeCmd(); // execute the command
cmdIndex = 0; // reset the cmdIndex
} else {
cmd[cmdIndex] = c; // append c to the cmd string
if(cmdIndex<99) cmdIndex++;
}
}
if(als_on) {
int a = AP3216_read(0x0D); // ALS Data HIGH Byte
int b = AP3216_read(0x0C); // ALS Data LOW Byte
long alsValue = a;
alsValue = alsValue << 8;
alsValue = alsValue + b;
Serial.print("als ");
Serial.print(alsValue);
Serial.print("\n");
delay(100);
}
if(ps_on) {
int a = AP3216_read(0x0F) & 0b00111111; // PS Data HIGH 6 bits
int b = AP3216_read(0x0E) & 0b00001111; // PS Data LOW 4 bits
long psValue = (a << 4) + b;
Serial.print("ps ");
Serial.print(psValue);
Serial.print("\n");
delay(13);
}
}
使用方法:
串口输入 als start 获取当前的光强
串口输入 ps start获得当前接近传感器的数值
串口输入 stop 停止输出
目前这个模块没有成熟的库供使用,上述代码只是实现一个大概的功能,如果应用在产品上,还需要根据需求对照DataSheet进行详细的调试。
参考:
1. http://www.roboremo.com/reading-ap3216-with-arduino.html